In nature, multiphase materials are encountered in various forms, presenting intricate compositions and structures shaped by environmental forces. These materials embody a combination of distinct phases, exhibiting complex interactions that govern their properties and behaviors. Within multiphase systems, different phases coexist, contributing to a diverse array of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena. Observations reveal multiphase materials across scales, from geological formations like sedimentary rocks to biological tissues such as bone, highlighting the ubiquity and significance of these materials in natural systems.

Sea ice, a prominent example of multiphase material, manifests as a composite mixture comprising a solid ice matrix and saline sea water. As seawater freezes, the formation of sea ice entwines salt within its crystalline structure, creating a dynamic interplay between the solid and liquid phases. This composite material undergoes continual transformations influenced by environmental factors like temperature, ocean currents, and atmospheric conditions. Consequently, sea ice plays a pivotal role in polar ecosystems, shaping physical processes such as heat exchange and ocean circulation, while also influencing chemical and biological dynamics within marine environments. The theory of porous (TPM) media offers insights into the behavior of multiphase materials like sea ice, providing a framework to understand their complex fluid flow, heat transfer, and solute transport phenomena within porous structures.